Alexander McGillivray
1750 - 1793 (42 years)
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Name Alexander McGillivray Alexander McGillivray Born 15 Dec 1750 Wetumpka, Elmore, Alabama 
[1] - Present-day locations are given. McGillivray was born at the Coushatta village of Little Tallassee on the Coosa River.
Gender Male Birth 1759 Tallassee, Upper Creek Nation [2] Political 08 May 1781 Pensacola, Escambia, Florida [3] Bernardo de Gálvez retakes Pensacola from the British, inaugurating the third Spanish period (1781-1821). McGillivray buys lots in the city of Pensacola (near Washerwoman's Bayou or present-day Spring Street) which would provide the headquarters for Panton, Leslie & Company. Political 1783 Tensaw, Baldwin, Alabama [4] Present-day location. McGillivray establishes Tensaw as a link for the Creek Nation to Spanish West Florida Political Nov 1783 Augusta, Richmond, Georgia [5, 6, 7] Treaty of Augusta is concluded with some Creek chiefs, including rival Hiboithle Mico, that ceded the territory between the Ogeechee and Oconee Rivers. McGillivray is absent. Washington and Franklin Counties are created. Occupation 1784 Mobile, Mobile, Alabama [8] Partner, Mather and Company. This firm maintained the European trade with the Choctaw and Chickasaw. Occupation 1784 - 1788 Pensacola, Escambia, Florida [9] Partner, Panton, Leslie & Company. This firm maintained European trade in the Creek Nation and McGillivray's ability to license white traders in the nation gave him considerable leverage over village chiefs and, consequently, the Spanish. His position was reduced to that of a silent partner as Spanish suspicions grew that he had gone over to the British-- rumors were circulated in Pensacola that he had made common cause with adventurer, William Augustus Bowles (1763-1805)-- and then the Americans. Political 07 Aug 1790 New York, New York, New York [10] Treaty of New York is concluded wherein significant Creek territory in Georgia is ceded to the United States. McGillivray secretly receives an annuity and a Brigadier's commission Died 17 Feb 1793 Pensacola, Escambia, Florida [12] - Abram Mordecai, a contemporary of McGillivray, told Albert Pickett years later that McGillivray had been poisoned by the Spanish. (Pickett does not repeat the claim in his book, however.) Amos Wright points to two letters by Spanish colonial officials that seem to support this contention. The first is from Governor Carondelet to McGillivray himself, dated 14 Dec 1792. In it he offers to send a powder which he thinks will ease McGillivray's "Rheumatism" but only on the rather odd condition that the prescription is "not displayed to any physician." The second is from Pensacola Commandant, Arthur O'Neill, to Carondelet about 2 weeks prior to McGillivray's death. In it, he claims "[t]hey are now free from McGillivray's policies." Others also carried premature news of McGillivry's death. On 6 Feb 1793, Cherokee Chief John Watts told Southwest Territory Governor Blount that the Creek Chief was dead. Wright speculates mercury vapor poisoning likely contributed to McGillivray's demise. [11]
Buried Escambia County Courthouse, Pensacola, Escambia, Florida / Choctaw Bluff, Clarke, Alabama [13, 14] - Present day location and original burial site. (Wright erroneously reports this as the Santa Rosa County Courthouse.) According to Pickett, McGillivray was buried in his benefactor's garden. He was reburied at Choctaw Bluff, Clarke County, Alabama. Lower Creek Chief Timothy Bernard penned these words, 26 March 1793: "He was interred in Mr. Panton's garden, as the Dons would not admit his being laid in their burying ground." This would, no doubt, be St. Michael's cemetery. In one of the many ironies afforded by time, James Tunstall Bryars (the forth great grand-nephew of McGillivray) married Maggie Moreno (great grand-daughter of don Francisco Moreno, the last Spanish Consul in Pensacola).
Person ID I5051 Dickinson Last Modified 24 Sep 2012
Father Lachlan Lia McGillivray, b. 1719, Scotland , d. 1799, Scotland (Age 80 years) Mother Sehoy II Marchand Family ID F1355 Group Sheet | Family Chart
Family Elsie Moniac, d. 1794, Baldwin County, Alabama Children + 1. Margaret McGillivray, b. Abt 1782, Alabama , d. Abt 1825, Alabama (Age ~ 43 years)2. Alexander McGillivray, d. Jul 1802, London, England 3. Elizabeth McGillivray Last Modified 5 May 2010 Family ID F1371 Group Sheet | Family Chart
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Event Map 
Born - 15 Dec 1750 - Wetumpka, Elmore, Alabama 
Political - Bernardo de Gálvez retakes Pensacola from the British, inaugurating the third Spanish period (1781-1821). McGillivray buys lots in the city of Pensacola (near Washerwoman's Bayou or present-day Spring Street) which would provide the headquarters for Panton, Leslie & Company. - 08 May 1781 - Pensacola, Escambia, Florida 
Political - Present-day location. McGillivray establishes Tensaw as a link for the Creek Nation to Spanish West Florida - 1783 - Tensaw, Baldwin, Alabama 
Political - Treaty of Augusta is concluded with some Creek chiefs, including rival Hiboithle Mico, that ceded the territory between the Ogeechee and Oconee Rivers. McGillivray is absent. Washington and Franklin Counties are created. - Nov 1783 - Augusta, Richmond, Georgia 
Occupation - Partner, Mather and Company. This firm maintained the European trade with the Choctaw and Chickasaw. - 1784 - Mobile, Mobile, Alabama Occupation - Partner, Panton, Leslie & Company. This firm maintained European trade in the Creek Nation and McGillivray's ability to license white traders in the nation gave him considerable leverage over village chiefs and, consequently, the Spanish. His position was reduced to that of a silent partner as Spanish suspicions grew that he had gone over to the British-- rumors were circulated in Pensacola that he had made common cause with adventurer, William Augustus Bowles (1763-1805)-- and then the Americans. - 1784 - 1788 - Pensacola, Escambia, Florida 
Political - Treaty of New York is concluded wherein significant Creek territory in Georgia is ceded to the United States. McGillivray secretly receives an annuity and a Brigadier's commission - 07 Aug 1790 - New York, New York, New York Died - 17 Feb 1793 - Pensacola, Escambia, Florida = Link to Google Earth Pin Legend 
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Photos 
The Innerarity House
Pensacola, Florida, ca. 1890. Originally the Panton, Leslie warehouse. The warehouse was converted into the residence of the Inneraritys after the Pensacola fire of 1848 destroyed the original Panton-Forbes House. The Innerarity House was destroyed by fire in 1915.
Old Pensacola
Innerarity House. Charles Thomas Cottrell, photographer.
Crest of the Clan McGillivray
Histories 
Coastal Encounters: the Transformation of the Gulf South in the Eighteenth Century
Brown, Richard F. Brown, ed. (Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 2007)
PreviewArchaeology of Colonial Pensacola
Bense, Judith Ann Bense, ed.(Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida, 1999)
PreviewForty-second Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution
(Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1928)
The Muscogees or Creek Indians 1519-1893
Tarvin, Dr. Marion Elisha, Alabama Historical Quarterly (Wetumpka, Alabama: Alabama State Department of Archives and History, 1955), Vol. 17, pp. 125-134. Also includes Bartram, William, Extracts from the Travels of William Bartram, pp. 110-124.
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Sources - [S336426] Indian Traders of the Southeastern Spanish Borderlands: Panton, Leslie & Company and John Forbes & Company, 1783-1847, William S. Coker and Thomas D. Watson, (Pensacola, Florida: University of West Florida Press, 1986), 24, n. 56.
- [S336355] McGillivray of the Creeks, Caughey, John Walton, (Columbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press, 2007), 13.
- [S336311] The McGillivray and McIntosh Traders on the Old Southwest Frontier 1716-1815, Amos J. Wright, Jr., (Montgomery, Alabama: NewSouth Books, 2001), 253.
- [S336337] Coastal Encounters: the Transformation of the Gulf South in the Eighteenth Century, Brown, Richmond Forrest, ed., (Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 2007), 82 [Karl Davis, The Founding of Tensaw: Kinship, Community, Trade and Diplomacy in the Creek Nation].
"The mostly uninhabited area at Tensaw north of the Spanish outpost at Mobile was under McGillivray's control, and a new town there would protect Creek borders, link the Creeks economically and politically to the Spanish, and simultaneously give the Creeks leverage with the Americans. The Spanish accepted McGillivray's proposal of a mutually beneficial relationship. In addition to providing a reliable food supply for Spanish Florida, a strong Creek Nation promised to be a valuable buffer against American expansion. The founding of the mixed community at Tensaw after 1783 thus reflected a dynamic survival strategy that encompassed both flexibility and adherence to tradition." - [S336320] Georgia History Stories, Chappell, Joseph Harris , (New York, New York: Silver, Burdette and Co., 1905), 211.
- [S336321] A New Order of Things: Property, Power, and the Transformation of the Creek Indians, 1733-1816, Saunt, Claudio , (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1999), 79.
- [S336326] McIntosh and Weatherford: Creek Indian Leaders, Griffith, Benjamin W., Jr., (Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press, 1988), 37-38.
- [S336311] The McGillivray and McIntosh Traders on the Old Southwest Frontier 1716-1815, Amos J. Wright, Jr., (Montgomery, Alabama: NewSouth Books, 2001), 221.
- [S336311] The McGillivray and McIntosh Traders on the Old Southwest Frontier 1716-1815, Amos J. Wright, Jr., (Montgomery, Alabama: NewSouth Books, 2001), 221, 233.
- [S336311] The McGillivray and McIntosh Traders on the Old Southwest Frontier 1716-1815, Amos J. Wright, Jr., (Montgomery, Alabama: NewSouth Books, 2001), 229, 247.
- [S336311] The McGillivray and McIntosh Traders on the Old Southwest Frontier 1716-1815, Amos J. Wright, Jr., (Montgomery, Alabama: NewSouth Books, 2001), 238-250.
- [S336311] The McGillivray and McIntosh Traders on the Old Southwest Frontier 1716-1815, Amos J. Wright, Jr., (Montgomery, Alabama: NewSouth Books, 2001), 235.
- [S336314] History of Alabama and Incidentally of Georgia and Mississippi, Albert James Pickett, (Sheffield, Alabama: Robert C. Randolph, 1896), 431.
"General McGilliveray was interred with Masonic honors in the splendid garden of William Panton, in the city of Pensacola." - [S336311] The McGillivray and McIntosh Traders on the Old Southwest Frontier 1716-1815, Amos J. Wright, Jr., (Montgomery, Alabama: NewSouth Books, 2001), 253-254.
- [S336426] Indian Traders of the Southeastern Spanish Borderlands: Panton, Leslie & Company and John Forbes & Company, 1783-1847, William S. Coker and Thomas D. Watson, (Pensacola, Florida: University of West Florida Press, 1986), 24, n. 56.