Humphrey VIII de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford and 3rd Essex^[1]

1276 - 1322  (46 years)

• Name	Humphrey VIII de Bohun
  		Arms of de Bohun
  Suffix	4th Earl of Hereford and 3rd Essex
  Born	1276  [2]
  Gender	Male
  Military	23 - 24 Jun 1314	Bannockburn, Scotland
  	Battle of Bannockburn
  	Bohun was captured during this battle, a crushing English defeat at the hand of Robert Bruce.
  		Battle of Bannockburn 24 Jun 1314 (Day 2)
  Military	16 Mar 1322	Boroughbridge, Yorkshire
  	Battle of Boroughbridge
  	Thomas of Lancaster, an implacable enemy of his cousin the king, assumed the leadership of a baronial revolt but was bagged by a royal army at the Battle of Boroughbridge. (Lancaster had been fleeing north with a small force when he found the bride and fords of the Ure held against him.) Edward's force was commanded by Andrew Harclay, who ironically himself became a victim of the king's capricious nature. Harclay took it upon himself to negotiate a peace with the Scots when it became clear that the king would not be bothered. He was executed for his trouble in 1323.
  Died	16 Mar 1322	Boroughbridge, Yorkshire   [3]
  	Agency: KIA/Impaled by pike
  Buried	Dominican Priory, York   [2]
  Notes	BOHUN, HUMPHREY VIII de, fourth Earl of Hereford, and third Earl of Essex (1276?1322), constable of England, was son of Humphrey VII, third earl of Hereford. He was born in 1276. In 1291 he appears among the barons who addressed the letter of protest to the pope from the parliament of Lincoln. In 1302 he married Elizabeth, daughter of Edward I, and widow of John, earl of Holland, and on the occasion made surrender to the crown of all his lands and title, receiving them back in tail. In a great tournament held at Fulham in 1305 he took a leading part, and again in 1307 he was present at another passage of arms at Wallingford, held against the king's favourite, Piers Gaveston. In 1308 he was sent north, in company with the Earl of Gloucester, to oppose Robert Bruce. The next year he joined with other barons in a letter of remonstrance addressed to the pope. In 1310 Humphrey de Bohun was one of the twenty-one ordainers appointed on 20 March to reform the government and the king's household. The ordinances which they presented were finally accepted in October 1311; but three months later, January 1312, the king recalled his banished favourite, Gaveston. Immediately Thomas, earl of Lancaster, and the confederate barons, including Hereford, took up arms and besieged Gaveston in Scarborough. On 19 May Gaveston surrendered, and was shortly afterwards beheaded by Lancaster's party at Blacklow Hill. Edward was powerless to punish the rebellious lords; negotiations for a peace were opened, and in October 1313 the earls and their followers were pardoned. In 1314 the war with Scotland was renewed, and the battle of Bannockburn was fought on 24 June. Here Gloucester was slain and Hereford taken prisoner. He was exchanged for the wife of Robert Bruce, who had long been a captive in England. The jealousy of the barons was now moved by the growing power of the two Despensers, father and son. At a parliament held at York, September 1314, Edward was called upon to confirm the ordinances of 1311, and the elder Despenser was removed from the council. In 1315 Hereford was engaged upon the Welsh border, and was successful in quelling a rising. The factions which now sprang up among the barons threatened to bring about a state of civil war, when the movements of Robert Bruce, who had advanced south and captured Berwick, 2 April 1318, compelled the different parties to submit to a reconciliation. A general pardon was granted to Lancaster and his followers, and a new council was appointed August 1318. Of this council Hereford was a member, and he also took part in the military operations against Scotland, which, however, were hampered by Lancaster's perverse refusal to assist. A truce was concluded in 1319. The feeling against the Despensers now broke out in open revolt. Bohim and Roger Mortimer, the principal lords on the Welsh border, prepared to attack Hugh le Despenser the younger, who held Glamorgan, in the autumn of 1320. Early in the next year the king issued writs forbidding unlawful assemblies; and a parliament was summoned to meet at Westminster on 15 July 1321. Bohun appeared in London at the head of an armed force, and took the lead in denouncing the favourites, who were sentenced to forfeiture and exile. But in October the king appeared in the field, and with unwonted vigour attacked his enemies in detail. They were driven north, and at the battle of Boroughbridge, in Yorkshire, 10 March 1322, they were totally defeated. Hereford was among the slain, and was buried in the church of the Friars Preachers of York. By his wife, Elizabeth, daughter of Edward I, Humphrey de Bohun had six sons and four daughters. He was succeeded by his second son, John, who, dying in 1335, was followed by his brother, Humphrey IX, as sixth earl. In 1361 Humphrey X, earl of Northampton, succeeded, being the son of William de Bohun, another son of the fourth earl of Hereford. With Humphrey X the title became extinct in 1372, but was revived as a dukedom in 1397, in the person of Henry Bolingbroke, who married Mary, daughter and coheir of the last earl. [Chronicles of Thomas Walsingham and Walt. Hemingburgh; Dugdale in Baronage, i. 183; Stubbs's Constitutional History.] E. M. T. [4]
  Person ID	I10993	Dickinson
  Last Modified	1 Feb 2017

  
  

  Father	Humphrey VII de Bohun, 3rd Earl Hereford and 2nd Essex, Lord High Constable,   b. ca. 1249,   d. 31 Dec 1298, Pleshey, Essex, England  (Age ~ 49 years)
  Relationship	Birth
  Mother	Mathilde de Fiennes,   d. Abt 1298
  Relationship	Birth
  Family ID	F3001	Group Sheet  |  Family Chart

  
  

  Family	Elizabeth of Rhuddlan, Countess of Hereford,   b. 7 Aug 1282, Rhuddlan Castle, Rhuddlan, Denbighshire, Wales ,   d. 5 May 1316, Quendon, Essex, England  (Age 33 years)
  Married	14 Nov 1302	Westminster Palace, Westminster, London   [2]
  Children	1. Margaret de Bohun,   b. Sep 1303, Tynemouth, Northumberland ,   d. 7 Feb 1306  (Age ~ 2 years)  [Birth]   2. Humphrey de Bohun,   b. 10 Sep 1304, Knaresborough, Harrogate, North Yorkshire ,   d. 28 Oct 1304, Fulham, Middlesex  (Age 0 years)  [Birth]   3. John de Bohun, 9th Earl of Hereford and 10th Essex ,   b. 23 Nov 1306, Pleshey, Essex, England ,   d. 20 Jan 1336, Kirkby-Thore, Westmorland  (Age 29 years)  [Birth]   4. Humphrey IX de Bohun, 10th Earl of Hereford and 11th Essex,   b. 1307, Longmaban Castle, Dumfriesshire, Scotland ,   d. 15 Oct 1361, Pleshey, Essex, England  (Age 54 years)  [Birth]   5. Edward de Bohun of Annandale,   b. ca. 1309, Caldicot Castle, Monmouthshire, Wales ,   d. ca. Nov 1334, Annandale, Scotland  (Age ~ 25 years)  [Birth] + 6. William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton, KG,   b. ca. 1309, Caldicot Castle, Monmouthshire, Wales ,   d. 16 Sep 1360  (Age ~ 51 years)  [Birth]   7. Eleanor Bohun, Countess of Ormond ,   b. ca. 1310,   d. 7 Oct 1363  (Age ~ 53 years)  [Birth] + 8. Margaret de Bohun, Countess of Devon,   b. 3 Apr 1311, Caldecote, Northamptonshire ,   d. 16 Dec 1391  (Age 80 years)  [Birth]   9. Eneas de Bohun,   b. ca. 1313,   d. 29 Sep 1331, Kimbolton Castle, Cambridgeshire  (Age ~ 18 years)  [Birth]   10. Isabella de Bohun,   b. 5 May 1316, Quendon, Essex ,   d. May 1316, Quendon, Essex  (Age 0 years)  [Birth]
  Last Modified	4 May 2015
  Family ID	F3068	Group Sheet  |  Family Chart

  
  

• Event Map		Married - 14 Nov 1302 - Westminster Palace, Westminster, London Military - Battle of Bannockburn - 23 - 24 Jun 1314 - Bannockburn, Scotland Military - Battle of Boroughbridge - 16 Mar 1322 - Boroughbridge, Yorkshire Died - Agency: KIA/Impaled by pike - 16 Mar 1322 - Boroughbridge, Yorkshire  = Link to Google Earth
  Pin Legend	: Address       : Location       : City/Town       : County/Shire       : State/Province       : Country       : Not Set

  
  

• Sources

  [S336463] Medieval Lands: A prosopography of medieval European noble and royal families, Charles Cawley, (Online: The Foundation for Medieval Genealogy at http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/, 20XX), http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISH%20NOBILITY%20MEDIEVAL.htm#HumphreyBohunHereforddied1322. [S162] Foundations Journal, (Vowchurch, UK: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy), Brad Verity, "The Children of Elizabeth, Countess of Hereford, Daughter of Edward I of England," 6: 3-10. [S12] Foundation: The History of England from its Earliest Beginnings to the Tudors, Peter Ackroyd, (New York: St Martin's Press, 2011), Brad Verity, "The Children of Elizabeth, Countess of Hereford, Daughter of Edward I of England," 6: 3-10. [S336351] Dictionary of National Biography, 63 volumes, Sir Sidney Lee, ed., (New York: McMillan and Company, 1885-1900), Public Domain., vol. 5, 309-10 [Edward Maunde Thompson].