| Name |
Philippe II de France |
 |
Royal Arms of France
|
| Suffix |
King of France |
| Nickname |
Augustus |
| Born |
22 Aug 1165 |
Gonesse, Val d’Oise, France  [4, 5] |
| Gender |
Male |
| Title |
1 Nov 1179 |
Reims, Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France [6] |
| Coronation as King of France |
 |
France, 1180
|
| Military |
Autumn 1182 - Jun 1183 |
Limoges, Haute-Vienne, Limousin, France |
| The Limousin Revolt |
 |
The Limousin Rebellion of 1182
Tiring of the tournament and again chafing over his political irrelevance, the Young King saw an opportunity to take make his place by breaking with Richard; his opening was the simmering feud between his brother and the nobles of Limousin, trouble which had been sparked by the disputed succession to the County of Limoges in June 1181. Richard had bayed them relentlessly- and that with the assistance of Henry and the Old King- until bringing them to heel in July 1182. But sensing fresh opportunity, the Taillefers and and Angoulêmes sent overtures of fealty to the Young King. The bait was taken and war-footing against the Duke resumed. During Henry II's great Christmas court of 1182, Henry and Richard quarreled and, feigning reconciliation, Henry joined the rebels at Limoges while ostensibly bearing the Angevin olive branch. Richard responded with a series of lightening raids to prevent a concentration of forces and then invested Limoges. As for Henry II, he initially sat out the hostilities until an attempted parlay resulted in the felling of the king's horse. Thinking the arrow bolt was meant for him, the Old King was driven directly into the arms of Richard. The belligerents now declared for the Young King included King Philip of France, Geoffrey of Brittany, Duke Hugh of Burgundy, Count Raymond of Toulouse, Viscount Aimar V, and Geoffrey de Lusignan. (King Alfonso sided with the Old King and Henry as a check on Toulouse.) This impressive show of support, on the other hand, did not include funds and so Henry slipped out of Limoges to rob nearby abbeys in hopes that the proceeds would keep his mercenaries in the field. Richard's siege might have collapsed had Henry not fallen ill, succumbing finally to dysentery at Martel. With his death the rebellion collapsed. "Like the king in chess, the Young King had possessed very little power of his own, yet without him it was impossible to carry on the game." Gillingham, 75. |
| Military |
21 Jan 1188 |
Gisors, Normandy, France |
| Third Crusade |
- Archbishop Joscius of Tyre preached the cross at Château de Gisors, "a rapturous sermon on the imperilled state of the Holy Land and the merits of the crusade...which prompted many other leading northern-French lords to join the expedition, including the counts of Flanders, Blois, Champagne and Dreux." [7]
|
 |
Crusaders
First (1095–1099); Second (1147–1149); Third or the Kings' Crusade (1189–1192); Forth (1202–1204); Fifth (1213–1221); Sixth (1228); Barons' (1239); Seventh (1248-1254); Eighth (1270); and Ninth (1271-1272). |
| Military |
1189 |
 |
The Rebellion of 1189
To settle affairs prior to departing on crusade, the French king Philip and Duke Richard combined to pressure the ailing but recalcitrant king of England to commit to a dynastic arrangement that would unite the two families. At the first conference in November 1188, Henry refused a plan that would have recognized Richard as his successor and marry him, at long last, to Philip's sister Alice (who was scandalously rumored to have been seduced by her guardian, the Old King). Infuriated, Richard offered Philip homage before the assembled nobility for the family's Capetian fiefs . A second conference at Le Ferte, pushed by a Pope fearing a stillborn crusade, did no more than stoke suspicions that Henry would make John his heir. Philip and Richard then struck without warning, attacking Henry and driving him back on Le Mans. Henry was brought to heel after retreating into Anjou and agreed to the terms demanded by his adversaries, an embarrassing capitulation for a dying king. |
| Arrival |
20 Apr 1191 |
Acre, Israel [8, 9] |
 |
Siege of Acre
The seige of Acre (August 28, 1189 to July 12, 1191) was the focal point of the Third Crusade. After his release by Saladin, King Guy of Jerusalem led an expedition from Tyre, stationing his meager force on the high ground of Mount Torn just outside the port city of Acre. From this small beginning Guy's numbers began to swell as the western contingents sailed in. Saladin squandered an opportunity to break the cordon on 4 Oct 1189 after a Latin advance lost formation to loot the Abuyyid camp. News of Barbarossa imminent approach then resulted in a cautious division of Abuyyid forces to meet the northern threat. With the arrival of Richard and Philip Augustus in the summer of 1191, the balance swung decisively in the favor the Latins. The city was surrendered, 12 Jul 1191. It would remain in Christian hands until overrun by the Mamluks, 18 May 1291. |
| Departure |
3 Aug 1191 |
Tyre, Lebanon [10] |
| Departure from the Levant for France. |
- "Philip was going home a humiliated, and therefore dangerous man. He had been humiliated at Messina when Richard repudiated his sister, and now he had been humiliated again. Perhaps if 'all' his nobles had chosen to go back with him, it might not have been too bad. But only Peter of Nevers did; most, including the most famous knight among them, William des Barres, as well as the most powerful prince, the duke of Burgundy, chose to stay with the crusade." [10]
|
| Political |
May 1200 |
| Treaty of Le Goulet |
- The Treaty of Le Goulet was John I's opening gambit to secure his continental holdings after coming to power. By it, he conceded much of the Vexin to the French king, Philip Augustus (earning the sobriquet, Softsword); however, he gained the isolation, at least temporarily, of his nephew Arthur and French recognition of the legitimacy of his fiefs. In this, Philip gained the upper hand: he could now use any perceived failure of John to keep faith as a pretext to move against Normandy, which he did with the revolt of the Poitevins in 1202. [11]
- "[A] demand [for John to pay 20,000 marks] would have been unthinkable in the past, yet John acquiesced, reinforcing the powerful sense that the French king was indeed his overlord; and if John owed his power to the Captians - as the terms of Le Goulet implied - any 'misbehavior' on his part in France might legally be punished." [12]
- "Yet by the end of [1199] John's position had crumbled. Soon after Christmas he met Phillip and conceded the terms which were to be enshrined in the treaty of Le Goulet, formally sealed in May 1200. This treaty was, in Jacques Broussard's words, 'a great success for Philip Augustus'. In some respects it was based on the settlement provisionally worked out in January 1199. But there were also highly significant modifications, all to John's disadvantage he allowed Philip to keep all his recent gains in Normandy, he made important territorial concessions in Berry, agreed to pay Philip 20,000 marks and promised to abandon his alliance with Otto IV. What had gone wrong? The clue lies in the ending of the alliance with Otto. Whereas in January 1199 it had been envisaged that Philip would abandon his alliance with Philip of Swabia and instead support Otto, now the position was reversed. The system of alliances created by Richard had fallen apart." [13]
|
| Military |
27 Jul 1214 |
Bouvines, Nord, Hauts-de-France, France |
 |
Battle of Bouvines
At Bouvines, French king Philip defeated English king John I's allied force of German, Flemish and English armies under the command of his nephew, German king Otto IV. (This was to be coordinated with the opening of a second front in Aquitaine by John.) This ended the king's efforts to recover his Angevin lands. As a military failure it cost John his remaining political capital at home. |
| Died |
14 Jul 1223 |
Mantes, Yvelines, France |
 |
Expansion of Capetian Rule under Philip II
Philip II did not really come into his own until after the death of his rival, Richard I. The Lionheart's successor, John, was the last of Henry's spares. But John was no Richard. Philip immediately won significant symbolic and territorial concessions when John did homage and then began capitalizing on his skill at sowing discord within the ranks of the Angevins. (Geoffrey's son Arthur arguably was Richard's heir.) These concessions came back to haunt John as he fumbled away the support his own magnates. Unable to compete politically or militarily with Philip, John's departure from Normandy in 1203 effectively brought the Angevin empire to an end. Philip occupied Normandy and received the submission of Poitou shortly thereafter. Only the enclave at Gascony remained. The kingdom of France, on the other hand, could now lay claim to far more than the environs of Paris, a previously unparalleled breakthrough. The Plantagenets would not own a sizable stake on the continent until the French defeat at Agincourt in 1415. |
| Buried |
Saint-Denis Basilica, Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France |
| Person ID |
I10981 |
Dickinson |
| Last Modified |
12 Feb 2018 |
| Family 2 |
Ingeborg of Denmark, d. 1174, Corbeil, Essonne, Île-de-France, France |
| Married |
14 Aug 1193 |
Notre-Dame dAmiens, Somme, Picardie, France [16] |
- "Philip still harboured hopes of launching an invasion of England and to this end had entered negotiations for a marriage alliance with Denmark. On 15 August 1193 he married Ingeborg, the daughter of King Cnut VI. As a successor of the famous Cnut, the eleventh-century conqueror and king of England, Cnut VI possessed both a tenuous claim to the throne of England and a fleet. Philip was interested in both these assets but, unfortunately for Ingeborg, he had lost interest by the morning after the wedding. He repudiated his new wife and tried to return her to the custody of the Danish envoys who had escorted her to Franc. They refused to take her back and departed in haste, leaving Ingeborg to her fate. For years Philip was to endure the condemnation of the Church rather than have Ingeborg as his queen. His dream of a new Danish invasion of England had become a domestic nightmare." [16]
|
| Divorced |
5 Nov 1193 |
- Annulled 5 Nov 1193, annulment declared illegal 13 Mar 1195, and remarried 1200.
|
| Last Modified |
12 Dec 2017 |
| Family ID |
F5930 |
Group Sheet | Family Chart |
1165 - 1223 (57 years)
: Address
: Location
: City/Town
: County/Shire
: State/Province
: Country
: Not Set