| Notes |
Married:
- "It has been generally believed that [William] was first married in 1088, at age sixteen, to Ermengarde, daughter of Fulk IV of Anjou. Biographers have described Ermengarde as beautiful and well-educated, though suffering from severe mood swings. However, Ruth Harvey's 1993 critical investigation shows the assumption of William's marriage to Ermengarde to be based largely on an error in a nineteenth-century secondary source and it is highly likely that Philippa of Toulouse was William's only wife." See, "The wives of the 'first troubadour', Duke William IX of Aquitaine", Journal of Medieval History, Vol. 19, Issue 4 (1993), pp. 307-325. [1]
- Marc Wolterbeek "has found the claim that William was married to 'Hermingerda', daughter of Fulk IV of Anjou is based on the very unreliable chronicle of William of Tyre, written between 1169 and 1187, more than 70 years after the events in question would have taken place. Tyre erroneously identifies Ermengarde's mother as Bertrad of Montfort, the sister of Amalricus de Montfort when her mother was in fact Audearde or Hildegarde of Beaugency. Tyre's chronicle lacks any contemporary corroboration, no primary text ever mentions a marriage between William and Ermengarde. It is therefore not only improbable that William married Ermengarde, it is likely that Ermengarde- at least as a wife of William- never existed." "Inventing History, Inventing Her Story: The Case of William of Aquitaine's Marital Affairs", Medieval Association of the Pacific, University of California, Berkeley, March 1995, and International Medieval Congress, Leeds, England, July 1995. [2]
- Cawley does not give children for this union.
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Father | Male